Lithium batteries
Lithium batteries With Lithium battery anode. It is 60 years later developed a new high-energy batteries. laptop battery Used by the different electrolytes are divided into: ① high-temperature molten salt lithium battery; ② organic electrolyte lithium batteries; ③ inorganic non-aqueous electrolyte lithium battery; ④ solid electrolyte lithium battery; ⑤ lithium-water battery. Lithium battery has the advantage of single cell voltage higher than the energy of large, long storage life (up to 10 years), high and low temperature performance, and can be used in the -40 ~ 150 ℃. The disadvantage is that expensive, security is not high. Another voltage hysteresis and security issues to be improved. In recent years great efforts to develop power batteries and the emergence of a new cathode material, lithium iron phosphate materials in particular, the development of lithium power development of much help.
Reserve Battery
There are two ways to activate, an electrolyte and the electrode is kept separate from the use of the electrolyte into the battery pack before the activation, such as magnesium seawater batteries, reserve batteries and zinc chromate-type silver batteries. Another is to use molten salt electrolyte, when the electrolyte is not conductive at room temperature before use light heating agent will quickly melt and activate the electrolyte, known as thermal batteries. This battery can be calcium, magnesium or lithium alloy anode, KCl and LiCl as the electrolyte, low total melt, CaCrO4, PbSO4 or V2O5 such as cathode, to zirconium powder or iron powder as a heating agent. Fully sealed structure can be used long-term storage (10 years). Reserve batteries suitable for a particular purpose. Panasonic CGA-S003 battery
Standard Battery
The most famous is the standard battery Whiston, sub-saturated and unsaturated two kinds. The standard electromotive force of 1.01864 volts (20 ℃). Non-saturation voltage temperature coefficient is about saturation of the 1 / 4.
Paste-type zinc - manganese dry battery
From the zinc cylinder, electric paste layer of manganese dioxide cathode, carbon rods, copper cap so on. The outermost layer is a zinc cylinder, it is both the negative terminal of the battery also doubles as a container, in the discharge process it is to be gradually dissolved; Central is a set of flow from the role of a carbon rod; tightly around the root is the carbon rod a by a dark brown or black manganese dioxide powder with a conductive material (graphite or acetylene black) posed by a mixture, which, together with the carbon rod constitutes a battery anode body, also known as carbon package. In order to avoid water evaporation, the upper dry seal with paraffin or asphalt. Zinc - manganese dry battery work for the zinc pole of the electrode reaction: Zn → Zn2 + +2 e Panasonic CGA-S001E battery
Cardboard-type zinc - manganese dry battery
In the paste-type zinc - manganese dry battery based on the improvements made. It to a thickness of 70 ~ 100 micron non-metallic impurities in high-quality kraft paper as the base, with a good paste transfer coating on its surface, made of cardboard and then through the dryer to replace the paste-type zinc - manganese dry battery in the paste like electrolyte layer. Cardboard-type zinc - manganese dry battery of the actual discharge capacity of more than ordinary paste-type zinc - manganese dry batteries 2 to 3 times higher. Marked "high performance" the word mostly dry cardboard type.
Alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery
The electrolyte from the amalgamation of zinc powder, 35% potassium hydroxide solution, as well as some sodium carboxymethyl cellulose formed by gelatinization. Because the freezing point of potassium hydroxide solution, low internal resistance is small, so alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery in -20 ℃ temperatures, and can high-current discharge. Alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery can be charge-discharge cycles 40 times, but depth can not be discharged before charging (retaining 60% to 70% of capacity), and the need to strictly control the charge current and charge end-voltage.
Stacked-type zinc - manganese dry battery Panasonic CGA-S002 battery
By a few compact flat-shaped cells stacked together constitute a single. Every single cell by a plastic shell, zinc, leather, conductive film, as well as separator paper, charcoal cake (positive) component. Separator paper is a kind of suction surface of starch with electrolyte layer of coated paper, which attached to the skin above the zinc; separator paper is above the carbon pie. Paste-type dry battery separator paper as in the electric paste layer, isolated from skin zinc anode and cathode of the role of the carbon pie. Stacked-type zinc - manganese dry battery minus the cylinder-shaped paste-type dry batteries in series combination of the trouble, its compact structure, small size, the volume ratio of large capacity, but the short storage life and large internal resistance, thus the discharge current should not be too large.
Alkaline Battery
Lead-acid batteries with the same capacity compared to its small size, long life to high-current discharge, but the higher cost. Alkaline battery plate active material divided by iron-nickel, cadmium, nickel, zinc and silver storage battery series. Nickel-cadmium batteries, for example, alkaline battery works are: battery plates of the active substance in the charge, the positive plate of nickel hydroxide 〔Ni (OH) 3〕, the negative electrode plate for the metal cadmium (Cd); while the discharge terminated, positive plate into nickel hydroxide 〔Ni (OH2)〕, negative plates into 〔cadmium hydroxide Cd (OH) 2〕, multi-use potassium hydroxide electrolyte (KOH) solution.
Metal - air battery
Panasonic Digital Camera Battery
With oxygen in the air as the cathode active material, the metal as the negative electrode active material of a high-energy batteries. The use of the metal is generally magnesium, aluminum, zinc, cadmium, iron, etc.; electrolyte for the aqueous solution. zinc-air battery which has become a mature product.
Metal - air battery has a high specific energy, it is because the air does not count the weight of the battery inside. zinc-air battery than the battery energy is currently produced in the highest, and reached 400 watt hours / kg (Wh / kg), is a high performance medium-power batteries and high-power battery positive direction. Current production of metal - air batteries is a battery; research and development of the secondary metal - air batteries for the introduction of machinery to replace metal electrode rechargeable batteries. As the metal - air batteries work to keep supply of air, so it can not be in a sealed state or the lack of air environment. In addition, the battery in the electrolyte solution susceptible to the fallout of the air humidity, battery performance degradation;nikon EN-EL1 battery oxygen in the air and spread through the air electrode to metal electrodes to form a corrosion cell caused by self-discharge.
Reserve Battery
There are two ways to activate, an electrolyte and the electrode is kept separate from the use of the electrolyte into the battery pack before the activation, such as magnesium seawater batteries, reserve batteries and zinc chromate-type silver batteries. Another is to use molten salt electrolyte, when the electrolyte is not conductive at room temperature before use light heating agent will quickly melt and activate the electrolyte, known as thermal batteries. This battery can be calcium, magnesium or lithium alloy anode, KCl and LiCl as the electrolyte, low total melt, CaCrO4, PbSO4 or V2O5 such as cathode, to zirconium powder or iron powder as a heating agent. Fully sealed structure can be used long-term storage (10 years). Reserve batteries suitable for a particular purpose. Panasonic CGA-S003 battery
Standard Battery
The most famous is the standard battery Whiston, sub-saturated and unsaturated two kinds. The standard electromotive force of 1.01864 volts (20 ℃). Non-saturation voltage temperature coefficient is about saturation of the 1 / 4.
Paste-type zinc - manganese dry battery
From the zinc cylinder, electric paste layer of manganese dioxide cathode, carbon rods, copper cap so on. The outermost layer is a zinc cylinder, it is both the negative terminal of the battery also doubles as a container, in the discharge process it is to be gradually dissolved; Central is a set of flow from the role of a carbon rod; tightly around the root is the carbon rod a by a dark brown or black manganese dioxide powder with a conductive material (graphite or acetylene black) posed by a mixture, which, together with the carbon rod constitutes a battery anode body, also known as carbon package. In order to avoid water evaporation, the upper dry seal with paraffin or asphalt. Zinc - manganese dry battery work for the zinc pole of the electrode reaction: Zn → Zn2 + +2 e Panasonic CGA-S001E battery
Cardboard-type zinc - manganese dry battery
In the paste-type zinc - manganese dry battery based on the improvements made. It to a thickness of 70 ~ 100 micron non-metallic impurities in high-quality kraft paper as the base, with a good paste transfer coating on its surface, made of cardboard and then through the dryer to replace the paste-type zinc - manganese dry battery in the paste like electrolyte layer. Cardboard-type zinc - manganese dry battery of the actual discharge capacity of more than ordinary paste-type zinc - manganese dry batteries 2 to 3 times higher. Marked "high performance" the word mostly dry cardboard type.
Alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery
The electrolyte from the amalgamation of zinc powder, 35% potassium hydroxide solution, as well as some sodium carboxymethyl cellulose formed by gelatinization. Because the freezing point of potassium hydroxide solution, low internal resistance is small, so alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery in -20 ℃ temperatures, and can high-current discharge. Alkaline zinc - manganese dry battery can be charge-discharge cycles 40 times, but depth can not be discharged before charging (retaining 60% to 70% of capacity), and the need to strictly control the charge current and charge end-voltage.
Stacked-type zinc - manganese dry battery Panasonic CGA-S002 battery
By a few compact flat-shaped cells stacked together constitute a single. Every single cell by a plastic shell, zinc, leather, conductive film, as well as separator paper, charcoal cake (positive) component. Separator paper is a kind of suction surface of starch with electrolyte layer of coated paper, which attached to the skin above the zinc; separator paper is above the carbon pie. Paste-type dry battery separator paper as in the electric paste layer, isolated from skin zinc anode and cathode of the role of the carbon pie. Stacked-type zinc - manganese dry battery minus the cylinder-shaped paste-type dry batteries in series combination of the trouble, its compact structure, small size, the volume ratio of large capacity, but the short storage life and large internal resistance, thus the discharge current should not be too large.
Alkaline Battery
Lead-acid batteries with the same capacity compared to its small size, long life to high-current discharge, but the higher cost. Alkaline battery plate active material divided by iron-nickel, cadmium, nickel, zinc and silver storage battery series. Nickel-cadmium batteries, for example, alkaline battery works are: battery plates of the active substance in the charge, the positive plate of nickel hydroxide 〔Ni (OH) 3〕, the negative electrode plate for the metal cadmium (Cd); while the discharge terminated, positive plate into nickel hydroxide 〔Ni (OH2)〕, negative plates into 〔cadmium hydroxide Cd (OH) 2〕, multi-use potassium hydroxide electrolyte (KOH) solution.
Metal - air battery
Panasonic Digital Camera Battery
With oxygen in the air as the cathode active material, the metal as the negative electrode active material of a high-energy batteries. The use of the metal is generally magnesium, aluminum, zinc, cadmium, iron, etc.; electrolyte for the aqueous solution. zinc-air battery which has become a mature product.
Metal - air battery has a high specific energy, it is because the air does not count the weight of the battery inside. zinc-air battery than the battery energy is currently produced in the highest, and reached 400 watt hours / kg (Wh / kg), is a high performance medium-power batteries and high-power battery positive direction. Current production of metal - air batteries is a battery; research and development of the secondary metal - air batteries for the introduction of machinery to replace metal electrode rechargeable batteries. As the metal - air batteries work to keep supply of air, so it can not be in a sealed state or the lack of air environment. In addition, the battery in the electrolyte solution susceptible to the fallout of the air humidity, battery performance degradation;nikon EN-EL1 battery oxygen in the air and spread through the air electrode to metal electrodes to form a corrosion cell caused by self-discharge.